SPI Protocol: Introduction SPI stands for Serial Peripheral Interface and it is a synchronous serial communication interface used for short-distance communication. SPI interface was developed by Motorola in the 1980s to be primarily used in embedded systems and since then it has become a de facto standard. SPI interface is widely used in SD cards, […]
Introduction HDMI is a digital replacement for existing analog video standards. It is termed as the catalyst for the DTV revolution. The DTV revolution is driving the HDMI standard to support an increase in data speed to higher video resolutions to meet emerging needs. As a result, design and validation engineers need tools to improve […]
UART Protocol: INTRODUCTION UART stands for Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter. A UART’s main purpose is to transmit and receive serial data. UART was developed by Gordon Bell at Digital Equipment Corporation in the 1960s. UARTs are used in automobiles, smart cards, and SIMs in which they are commonly integrated in microcontroller chips. In UART communication, […]
QSPI Protocol: Introduction Quad Serial Peripheral Interface (QSPI) is a serial communication interface. QSPI has been specifically designed for talking to flash chips. QSPI is useful in applications that involve a lot of memory-intensive data like multi-media and on-chip memory is not enough. It can also be used to store code externally and it can […]
RFFE Protocol: Introduction Mobile radio communication involves multi-radio systems composed of several parallel transceivers making a leap in complexity for the RF front-end design. RF front-end devices include power amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers, filters, switches, power management modules, antenna tuners, and sensors. The devices may be located either in a separate unit or they may be […]
ONFI INTRODUCTION The Open NAND Flash Interface (ONFI) is an industry Workgroup made up of more than 100 companies that build, design-in, or enable NAND Flash memory dedicated to simplifying NAND Flash integration into consumer electronic products, computing platforms, and any other application that requires solid state mass storage. ONFI defines standardized component-level interface specifications […]
eSPI Protocol INTRODUCTION eSPI stands for the enhanced serial peripheral interface. It was developed by Intel. eSPI is an all-in-one bus that was designed to replace the LPC bus as well as the SPI bus, SMBus, and sideband signals. For designers of computing applications, migrating from the LPC bus to the eSPI bus offered benefits […]
A Protocol Analyzer is a measurement tool or device used to capture and monitor data over a communication channel. It captures the data on the communication channel and converts the data bits into meaningful protocol sequences. A protocol analyzer uses a combination of software and hardware to analyze and capture the data over the communication […]
Introduction to PCIe Express: This blog describes the fundamentals of the Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCI Express) protocol. In personal computers, peripheral devices connect to the processor subsystem using Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Peripheral Component Interconnect eXtended (PCI-X), Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), and PCIe buses. Peripherals can be graphic cards, hard disk drives, SSDs, WiFi, […]
UFS stands for Universal Flash Storage. UFS is an advanced, high speed, low power, high-performance non-volatile interface designed for mobile systems such as smartphones and tablets UFS is an open standard and defined by JEDEC and incorporates standards from the MIPI alliance. UFS utilizes the SCSI architecture model supporting multiple commands, including command queuing enabling […]
